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A record number of adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) are coming due and homeowners are feeling the pressure. Planning and basic education on the mortgage product can help homeowners survive their adjustment and be prepared for possible payment shocks.

"With an ARM loan, timing is key," said Paul Swan, President of Nationwide Advantage Mortgage. "Some people wait until their rate resets before they do anything. But, it may benefit you to act early, especially if interest rates are expected to rise."

When your ARM loan approaches its first rate reset, here are some tips to consider:

Make sure you understand how an ARM works

The adjusted rate of an ARM is determined by adding together the current index and the margin. The margin is determined by your lender at loan closing and will never change; however, the index fluctuates. Click here for an example and more information. Lenders may look at a variety of common indexes or use its own cost of funds as an index to determine the adjusted rate. To better understand how your payments may fluctuate, find out what index your lender uses and where it is published. Also, review the Consumer Handbook on Adjustable Rate Mortgages which is a joint publication of the Federal Reserve Board and the Office of Thrift Supervision. This booklet provides detailed information on how ARMs work.

Review all of the rate adjustment terms

Many ARMs have periodic adjustment caps and lifetime caps, which limit the amount your interest rate can increase periodically and in total over the life of the loan. Commonly, there is a lower percentage interest rate cap on the first rate adjustment and a higher lifetime cap on the interest rate above the original Note rate. If you're unable to locate your rate adjustment terms, contact your mortgage lender for assistance.

Review all the terms of your current loan

In addition to the rate terms of your loan, you should also review any other terms that may influence your decision to continue your current ARM loan or refinance. Common terms you should look for in your loan documents include prepayment penalties and balloon payments.

Know your options

  1. Continue your ARM loan. After reviewing your loan and rate adjustment terms, it may make sense to continue your ARM loan and manage the risk.
  2. Refinance. Be sure you see the total picture before making a decision. The lowest rates are not always the best deal. Lender fees, discount points, and the schedule for principal reduction are some major points to consider. Also, while today's 30-year fixed rates may be higher than your current ARM rate, they are still among the lowest in history and would offer long-term stability.

Consult with a reputable mortgage professional who will provide you guidance in comparing the options above. Call us at 1-800-811-5385.