What is a brake caliper?

In the heart of the brake system of a car lie the brake calipers. They ensure that your brakes run smoothly and can reliably stop by applying pressure to the brake pads, which clamp onto the brake rotors. In this article we’ll explore how brake calipers work, the different types (fixed and floating calipers), maintenance tips for expanding their lifespan and more.

What are brake calipers and what do they do?

Brake calipers are vital parts of the car’s brake system. They slow the wheels of your car by creating friction with the brake rotors. When you step on the brakes, the brake calipers clamp onto the wheel’s rotor to stop the wheel from turning.¹

Types of brake calipers

There are 3 main types of brake calipers:

1. Fixed calipers: Pistons on both sides of the rotor create an even pressure, which is better for braking. Fixed calipers remain stationary during braking, which reduces flex and ensures consistent contact.
2. Floating calipers: More common in modern vehicles, floating calipers feature one or two pistons on one side of the rotor. They slide inward when you brake, which presses the pads against the rotor.
3. Sliding calipers: Similar to floating calipers, sliding calipers use pins or sliders to equalize pressure and promote even brake pad wear.²

What brake calipers do I need?

If you’re looking into buying calipers, consider the following factors:

• Budget: Research the various types of calipers to determine which ones fit into your budget.
• Quality: Look up reviews, name brands and warranties to determine the best-quality parts.
• Compatibility: Make sure the parts are compatible with the make and model of your car.
• Material: Decide between strong, cost-effective cast iron calipers and lighter, corrosion-resistant aluminum calipers.
• Driving style: If you’re an aggressive driver, you may want upgraded calipers.³

Signs of a bad brake caliper

If your car has a bad brake caliper, it’s important to repair or replace it as soon as possible. Watch for the following signs that the brake caliper is bad or going bad:

• Leaking brake fluid
• Brakes locking up when stopping
• Excessive brake dust
• Pulsing brake pedal while stopping
• Rattling, grinding or squeaking when driving, turning or stopping
• Pulling to one side when driving or braking
• Vibrating steering wheel when slowing or stopping
• Any unusual smells when slowing or stopping⁴

What to do if you have a bad brake caliper

If you repair or replace the caliper yourself and the problem persists, you should take your car to a professional. It’s safest to have a mechanic look at it right away rather than continuing to drive with a bad caliper.⁵

Brake caliper FAQs

How long do brake calipers last?

The length of time your calipers last depends on a multitude of things. They could last as long as you own your vehicle. However, if you live in an extreme climate, often go off-road driving, drive in the city with stop-and-go traffic, or drive in conditions that are harsh, dusty or dirty, your calipers can last 75,000 to 100,000 miles.⁴

When to replace brake calipers

Inspect your brake calipers whenever you replace your brake pads. There’s no need to replace them unless there is something wrong with them. If you worry that it’s time to replace them, check the manufacturer’s guidelines.⁵

Maintaining your car’s brake system is key to ensuring safety and performance. Understanding the role of various brake calipers is a great place to start. No matter the caliper type, regular maintenance is a must.

Along with maintenance, it’s also essential to keep yourself and your vehicle safe with the right auto insurance that protects you in unexpected situations.

Sources:

¹ “Brake Calipers,” goodyearautoservice.com/en_US/learn/calipers.html (accessed March 2025).
² “What Is a Brake Caliper?” Dustin Hawley, jdpower.com/cars/shopping-guides/what-is-a-brake-caliper (accessed March 2025).
³ “Brake Caliper Buying Guide,” autozone.com/diy/brakes/brake-caliper-buying-guide (accessed March 2025).
⁴ “What Is a Brake Caliper (And How To Tell if Mine is Bad)?” Bob Lacivita, familyhandyman.com/article/what-is-a-brake-caliper (accessed March 2025).
⁵ “How to Tell If Your Brake Caliper is Bad: These Are the Symptoms to Look for,” autozone.com/diy/brakes/bad-brake-caliper-symptoms (accessed March 2025).